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Savate ((:saˈvat)), also known as boxe française, French boxing, French kickboxing or French footfighting, is a French martial art which uses the hands and feet as weapons combining elements of western boxing with graceful kicking techniques.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Savate: The French Manly Art of Self-Defense (Part 2) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Savate: The French Manly Art of Self-Defense )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Way of the Warrior )〕 Only foot kicks are allowed unlike some systems such as Muay Thai, Silat and Yaw-Yan which allow the use of the knees or shins. ''Savate'' is a French word for "old shoe". Savate is one of the few styles of kickboxing in which the fighters habitually wear shoes (another example is Ukrainian Combat Hopak). A male practitioner of savate is called a tireur while a female is called a tireuse.〔 ==Early history== ''Savate'' takes its name from the French for "old shoe" (heavy footwear, especially the boots used by French military and sailors) (''cf.'' French-English loanwords sabot and sabotage and Spanish cognate ''zapato''). The modern formalized form is mainly an amalgam of French street fighting techniques from the beginning of the 19th century. There are also many types of ''savate'' rules. ''Savate'' was then a type of street fighting common in Paris and northern France.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Martial Arts of the World: R-Z )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Black Belt September 1997 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Black Belt November 2004 )〕 In the south, especially in the port of Marseille, sailors developed a fighting style involving high kicks and open-handed slaps. It is conjectured that this kicking style was developed in this way to allow the fighter to use a hand to hold onto something for balance on a rocking ship's deck, and that the kicks and slaps were used on land to avoid the legal penalties for using a closed fist, which was considered a deadly weapon under the law. It was known as ''jeu marseillais'' (game from Marseille), and was later renamed ''chausson'' (slipper, after the type of shoes the sailors wore). In contrast, at this time in England (the home of boxing and the Queensberry rules), kicking was seen as unsportsmanlike. Traditional ''savate'' was a northern French development, especially in Paris' slums, and always used heavy shoes and boots derived from its potential military origins. Street fighting savate, unlike chausson, kept the kicks low, almost never targeted above the groin, and were delivered with vicious, bone-breaking intent. Parisian Savate also featured open hand blows, in thrusting or smashing palm strikes (le baffe) or in stunning slaps targeted to facial nerves. Techniques of Savate or ''chausson'' were at this time also developed in the ports of northwest Italy and northeastern Spain—hence one Savate kick named "Chasse Italiane". The two key historical figures in the history of the shift from street fighting to the modern sport of ''savate'' are Michel Casseux (also known as ''le Pisseux'')〔 *Thomas A. Green, ''Martial Arts of the World'', ABC-CLIO, 2001, p.519〕(1794–1869) and Charles Lecour (1808–1894). Casseux opened the first establishment in 1825 for practicing and promoting a regulated version of ''chausson'' and ''savate'' (disallowing head butting, eye gouging, grappling, etc.). However the sport had not shaken its reputation as a street-fighting technique. Casseux's pupil Charles Lecour was exposed to the English art of boxing when he witnessed an English boxing match in France between English pugilist Owen Swift and Jack Adams in 1838.〔Savate – Canne – Baton au fil des siecles La Verifiable Histoire de la Boxe Francaise and Swift's own Bibliography 'The Handbook To Boxing' written by Renton Nicholson, London 1840〕 He also took part in a friendly sparring match with Swift later in that same year. Lecour felt that he was at a disadvantage, only using his hands to bat his opponent's fists away, rather than to punch. He then trained in boxing for a time before combining boxing with ''chausson'' and ''savate'' to create the sport of ''savate'' (or ''boxe française'', as we know it today). At some point ''la canne'' and ''le baton'' stick fighting were added, and some form of stick fencing, such as ''la canne'', is commonly part of ''savate'' training. Those who train purely for competition may omit this. ''Savate'' was developed professionally by Lecour's student Joseph Charlemont and then his son Charles Charlemont. Charles continued his father's work and in 1899 fought an English boxer named Jerry Driscoll. He won the match with a fouetté médian in the eighth round although the English said that it was a kick to the groin. According to the well known English referee, Bernard John Angle of the National Sporting Club, in his book 'My Sporting Memories' London, 1925, "Driscoll did not know what he was taking on" when he agreed "to meet the Frenchman at his own game..." Angle also said that, "The contest ended in Jerry being counted out to a blow in the groin from the Frenchman's knee." He further alleged that "the timekeeper saved Charlemont several times." After the fight Driscoll bore no grudges, considering the blow to have been "an accident." the French, of course, claimed victory to their man by stoppage, following a round-kick (fouette median) to Driscoll's stomach. ''Savate'' was later codified under a Committee National de Boxe Française under Charles Charlemont's student Count Pierre Baruzy (dit Barozzi). The Count is seen as the father of modern ''savate'' and was 11-time Champion of France and its colonies, his first ring combat and title prior to World War I. ''Savate de Dėfense'', ''Défense Savate'', ''Savate de Rue'' ("de rue" means "of the street") is the name given to those methods of fighting excluded from ''savate'' competition. The FIS (International Savate Federation) is the official World Federation. Perhaps the ultimate recognition of the respectability of ''savate'' came in 1924 when it was included as a demonstration sport in the Olympic Games in Paris. In 2008, savate was recognised by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) – this recognition allows savate to hold official University World Championships; the first was held in Nantes, France in 2010. The 25th anniversary of the founding of the International Savate Federation, in March 2010, was celebrated with a visit to Lausanne, to meet with IOC President Jacques Rogge. FIS President Gilles Le Duigou was presented with a memento depicting the Olympic Rings. In April 2010, the International Savate Federation was accepted as a member of SportAccord (previously known as AGFIS) – a big step forward on the road to Olympic recognition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Savate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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